About the United States Postal Service (USPS)

About the United States Postal Service (USPS) Early History of the U.S. Postal Service The United States Postal Service first began moving the mail on July 26, 1775, when the Second Continental Congress named Benjamin Franklin as the nations first Postmaster General. In accepting the position, Franklin dedicated his efforts to fulfilling George Washingtons vision. Washington, who championed a free flow of information between citizens and their government as a cornerstone of freedom, often spoke of a nation bound together by a system of postal roads and post offices. Publisher William Goddard (1740-1817) first suggested the idea of an organized U.S. postal service in 1774, as a way to pass the latest news past the prying eyes of colonial British postal inspectors. Goddard formally proposed a postal service to Congress nearly two years before the  adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Congress took no action on Goddards plan until after the battles of Lexington and Concord in the spring of 1775. On July 16, 1775, with revolution brewing, Congress enacted the Constitutional Post as a way to ensure communication between the general populace and the patriots preparing to fight for Americas independence. Goddard was reported to have been deeply disappointed when Congress chose Franklin as Postmaster General. The Postal Act of 1792 further defined the role of the Postal Service. Under the act, newspapers were allowed in the mail  at low rates to promote the spread of information across the states. To ensure the sanctity and privacy of the mails, postal officials were forbidden to open any letters in their charge unless they were determined to be  undeliverable. The Post Office Department issued its first postage stamps on July 1, 1847. Previously, letters were taken to a Post Office, where the postmaster would note the postage in the upper right corner. The postage rate was based on the number of sheets in the letter and the distance it would travel. Postage could be paid in advance by the writer, collected from the addressee on delivery, or paid partially in advance and partially upon delivery. For a complete history of the early Postal Service, visit the USPS Postal History website. The Modern Postal Service: Agency or Business? Until the  adoption of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, the U.S. Postal Service functioned as a regular, tax-supported, agency of the federal government. According to the laws under which it now operates, the U.S. Postal Service is a semi-independent federal agency, mandated to be revenue-neutral. That is, it is supposed to break even, not make a profit. In 1982, U.S. postage stamps became postal products, rather than a form of taxation. Since then, the bulk of the cost of operating the postal system has been paid for by customers through the sale of postal products and services rather than taxes. Each class of mail is also expected to cover its share of the costs, a requirement that causes the percentage rate adjustments to vary in different classes of mail, according  to the costs associated with the processing and delivery characteristics of each class. According to the costs of operations, U.S. Postal Service rates are set by the Postal Regulatory Commission according to the recommendations of the Postal Board of Governors. Look, the USPS is an Agency! The USPS is created as a government agency under Title 39, Section 101.1 of the United States Code which states, in part: (a) The United States Postal Service shall be operated as a basic and fundamental service provided to the people by the Government of the United States, authorized by the Constitution, created by Act of Congress, and supported by the people. The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities. The costs of establishing and maintaining the Postal Service shall not be apportioned to impair the overall value of such service to the people. Under paragraph (d) of Title 39, Section 101.1, Postal rates shall be established to apportion the costs of all postal operations to all users of the mail on a fair and equitable basis. No, the USPS is a Business! the Postal Service takes on some several very non-governmental attributes via the powers granted to it under Title 39, Section 401, which include: power to sue (and be sued) under its own name;power to adopt, amend and repeal its own regulations;power to enter into and perform contracts, execute instruments, and determine the character of, and the necessity for, its expenditures;power to buy, sell and lease private property; and,power to build, operate, lease and maintain buildings and facilities. All of which are typical functions and powers of a private business. However, unlike other private businesses, the Postal Service is exempt from paying federal taxes. USPS can borrow money at discounted rates and can condemn and acquire private property under governmental rights of eminent domain. The USPS does get some taxpayer support. Around $96 million is budgeted annually by Congress for the Postal Service Fund. These funds are used to compensate USPS for postage-free mailing for all legally blind persons and for mail-in election ballots sent from US citizens living overseas. A portion of the funds also pays USPS for providing address information to state and local child support enforcement agencies. Under federal law, only the Postal Service can handle or charge postage for handling letters. Despite this virtual monopoly worth some $45 billion a year, the law merely requires the Postal Service to remain revenue neutral, neither making a profit or suffering a loss. How is the Postal Service ‘Business’ Doing Financially? Though intended to be a self-funding entity, the Postal Service has suffered a dismal string of financial losses since the 1970s, when it sometimes at least broke even. After the Great Recession of 2008, the volume of advertising mail- the vast majority of mail- dropped sharply as many businesses switched to less-costly email correspondence. Since then, mail volume has continued to drop, creating a crisis for a business whose costs are all but guaranteed to rise annually. For example, the number of addresses to which the USPS must deliver increases constantly. In FY2018, the USPS suffered what it called a â€Å"controllable† operating deficit of $3.9 billion and reports that it expects costs to continue to rise in FY2019. â€Å"Compensation and benefits expenses are planned to increase by $1.1 billion in FY2019, due to wage increases by $0.6 billion resulting from contractual general increases and cost-of-living adjustments.† In addition, the agency sees its retiree health benefits and transportation expenses to increase by $1 billion in FY2019.

Human Resources Department Roles and Responsibilities

Human Resources Department Roles and Responsibilities AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe Verizon Wireless Human Resource Department roles and responsibilities. This paper will explain how Verizon's Human Resources Department must constantly change to adapt new business strategies in specific areas like globalization, diversity and ethics to facilitate a successful business environment.Human resource roles in My OrganizationThe human resources department at Verizon Wireless performs a vital role in this successful communication company. Benefits management, training, recruitment, and employee relations are some of the primary areas concerning Verizon Wireless Human Resources Department. If any area within this vital support organization is neglected, serious problems can occur within the company. The areas supported by human resources department can also help pave the way for a successful, thriving company.The management at Verizon Wireless relies heavily on the expertise of the human resources department. Although traditio nal business thinking can portray this business entity as "dangerous" or "the enemy", a good relationship between employees, management, and the human resources department creates a wonderful working environment.End zone view of the ice surface at the Verizon Wi...The management at Verizon Wireless promotes extensive use of services provided by this department such as evaluating employee conflicts, general hiring practices, and salary evaluation. Traditional human resource department roles continue to be important to all businesses, but the role of this department is always changing.Business strategies change constantly and the human resources department must also change to enable these strategies to work. Many areas create a successful business environment, but the following listed areas of discussion will perhaps create the most productive change.GlobalizationDiversityEthicsGlobalization has evolved as a crucial part of business in many companies throughout the United States. In o rder to remain competitive, businesses must rely on global economies to expand markets and reduce operating costs. Human resource departments can assist in reducing costs by combining a comprehensive understanding of...

Changing Business Environment of Coca-Cola Company Assignment

Changing Business Environment of Coca-Cola Company - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that social environment of Coca-Cola Company has been clouded by the switching of consumers from the ordinary packaged soft drinks to the portable package method. Moreover, the advancement in technology has made it thrive in the business environment. Coca-cola Company has pride in being one of the recognized companies in the world and enjoys a global presence in the business environment. It has opportunities in the business environment with tangible continuous growth. Nevertheless, there is a need to improve its marketing strategy to be able to handle the threats of other companies that produce similar products. Coca-cola has continued o invest in the modern production techniques with the aim of reducing unit production cost and meeting the needs of potential consumers. Coca-cola market size, growth rate, and overall profitability have been evaluated through the attractiveness of the soft drinks and competitiveness of various firms in the industry. The market s ize has been increasing due to the introduction of new products in the market. Profitability and growth rates have solid with the company dominating more than half of the market while the rest of the market is occupied by Pepsi and Cadbury Schweppes. Hence, the Coca-Cola Company has continuously stayed ahead in the market for more than none hundred years. The Coca-Cola Company fits in the business environment because it is capable of giving most of the global market non-alcoholic drinks, which are composed of two sections; soft drinks and fruit juices. The soft drinks are of various flavors, both carbonate, and noncarbonated. The products that fall under the food and beverage industry are what have made Coca-cola, multinational. States, governmental changes, and other special politically instigated groups affect customer purchasing power and confidence in both local and international markets thereby reducing demand. Political conditions especially in the international market such as civil conflict, changes in government and /or limitations that pertain to a relocation of capital across borders. For instance, the political unrest in the Middle East adversely affected sales in the region.